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Edit File: Terminology.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html lang="en" class="clamav" dir="ltr"> <head> <!-- Book generated using mdBook --> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Terminology - ClamAV Documentation</title> <!-- Custom HTML head --> <meta name="description" content="An open source malware detection toolkit and antivirus engine."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print"> <!-- Fonts --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../fonts/fonts.css"> <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../highlight.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css"> <!-- Custom theme stylesheets --> <!-- MathJax --> <script async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> </head> <body class="sidebar-visible no-js"> <div id="body-container"> <!-- Provide site root to javascript --> <script> var path_to_root = "../"; var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "clamav" : "clamav"; </script> <!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes --> <script> try { var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) { localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1)); } if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) { localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1)); } } catch (e) { } </script> <!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash --> <script> var theme; try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch (e) { } if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; } var html = document.querySelector('html'); html.classList.remove('clamav') html.classList.add(theme); var body = document.querySelector('body'); body.classList.remove('no-js') body.classList.add('js'); </script> <input type="checkbox" id="sidebar-toggle-anchor" class="hidden"> <!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed --> <script> var body = document.querySelector('body'); var sidebar = null; var sidebar_toggle = document.getElementById("sidebar-toggle-anchor"); if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) { try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch (e) { } sidebar = sidebar || 'visible'; } else { sidebar = 'hidden'; } sidebar_toggle.checked = sidebar === 'visible'; body.classList.remove('sidebar-visible'); body.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar); </script> <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents"> <div class="sidebar-scrollbox"> <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../Introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Installing</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing/Packages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Packages</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing/Docker.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Docker</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing/Installing-from-source-Unix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Unix from source (v0.104+)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing/Installing-from-source-Unix-old.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Unix from source (v0.103-)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing/Installing-from-source-Windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> Windows from source</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing/Community-projects.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> Community Projects</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Installing/Add-clamav-user.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> Add a service user account</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Usage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Usage</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Usage/Configuration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Configuration</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Usage/SignatureManagement.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Updating Signature Databases</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Usage/Scanning.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Scanning</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/OnAccess.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.1.</strong> On-Access Scanning</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Usage/Services.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Running ClamAV Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Usage/ReportABug.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Report a Bug</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Signatures</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/DatabaseInfo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> CVD Info File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/DynamicConfig.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Dynamic Configuration Settings</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/AuthenticodeRules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Trusted and Revoked EXE Certificates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/FileTypeMagic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> File Type Recognition</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/AllowLists.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> Allow Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/HashSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> Hash-based Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/BodySignatureFormat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.</strong> Content-based Signature Format</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/LogicalSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.1.</strong> Logical Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/ExtendedSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.2.</strong> Extended Signatures</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/YaraRules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.8.</strong> YARA Rules</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/PhishSigs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.9.</strong> Phishing Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/BytecodeSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.10.</strong> Bytecode Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/ContainerMetadata.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.</strong> Container Metadata Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/EncryptedArchives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.12.</strong> Archive Passwords (experimental)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Signatures/SignatureNames.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.13.</strong> Signature Names</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> For Developers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/github-pr-basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Pull Request Basics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/clamav-git-work-flow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> ClamAV Git Work Flow</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/personal-forks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Working with Your Fork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/testing-pull-requests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Reviewing Pull Requests</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/development-builds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> Building for Development</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/build-installer-packages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> Building the Installer Packages</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/tips-and-tricks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> Dev Tips & Tricks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/performance-profiling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.8.</strong> Performance Profiling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/code-coverage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.9.</strong> Computing Code Coverage</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/fuzzing-sanitizers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.</strong> Fuzzing Sanitizers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/libclamav.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.11.</strong> libclamav</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manual/Development/Contribute.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.12.</strong> Contribute</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-whichversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Selecting the Right Version of ClamAV for You</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-freshclam.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> FreshClam (Signature Updater)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-cvd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Signature Database (CVD)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-malware-fp-reports.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.4.</strong> Malware and False Positive Report</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-misc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.5.</strong> Misc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-ml.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.6.</strong> Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-safebrowsing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.7.</strong> Safe Browsing</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-troubleshoot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.8.</strong> Troubleshooting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-scan-alerts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.9.</strong> Interpreting Scan Alerts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-upgrade.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.10.</strong> Upgrading</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.11.</strong> Rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-win32.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.12.</strong> Win32</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-pua.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.13.</strong> PUA (Potentially Unwanted Application)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-ignore.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.14.</strong> Ignore</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-uninstall.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.15.</strong> Uninstall</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../faq/faq-eol.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.16.</strong> ClamAV EOL Policy</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../community_resources/CommunityResources.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Community Resources</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/Appendix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Appendix</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/Terminology.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> Terminology</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/CvdPrivateMirror.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> Hosting a Private Database Mirror</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/Authenticode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> Microsoft Authenticode Signature Verification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/FileTypes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> ClamAV File Types and Target Types</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../appendix/FunctionalityLevels.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> ClamAV Versions and Functionality Levels</a></li></ol></li></ol> </div> <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div> </nav> <!-- Track and set sidebar scroll position --> <script> var sidebarScrollbox = document.querySelector('#sidebar .sidebar-scrollbox'); sidebarScrollbox.addEventListener('click', function (e) { if (e.target.tagName === 'A') { sessionStorage.setItem('sidebar-scroll', sidebarScrollbox.scrollTop); } }, { passive: true }); var 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theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list"> <i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i> </button> <ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu"> <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="clamav">Dark</button></li> <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="clamav_light">Light</button></li> </ul> <button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> </button> </div> <h1 class="menu-title">ClamAV Documentation</h1> <div class="right-buttons"> <a href="../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> <input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> </form> <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> <ul id="searchresults"> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> <script> document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function (link) { link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); }); </script> <div id="content" class="content"> <main> <h1 id="terminology"><a class="header" href="#terminology">Terminology</a></h1> <h2 id="general-terminology"><a class="header" href="#general-terminology">General Terminology</a></h2> <div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Term</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td><em>adware</em></td><td>Adware is software that injects extra advertisements into other applications like your browser, or extra advertisements bundled by a third party into software that is ordinarily free of advertisements. Adware is often considered to be a type of Potentially Unwanted Application (PUA) when the the advertisements aren't used to fund development of the application but are injected by a third party.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>bytecode</em></td><td>Bytecode is a partially compiled executable that is platform agnostic but must be further compiled or otherwise interpreted in order to be executed. For ClamAV, "bytecode signature" refer to ClamAV plugin with a <code>.cbc</code> file extension. Some bytecode signatures detect specific types of malware, as the name suggests. Other bytecode signatures extend file parser support within ClamAV, enabling faster deployment of new ClamAV features.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>CLD</em></td><td>A CLD is the uncompressed ClamAV signature database archive. CLD files are created by FreshClam when a CVD or CLD database archive is updated with a CDIFF patch file.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>CVD</em></td><td>A CVD is an compressed ClamAV signature database archive that is signed and distributed by Cisco-Talos. "CVD" refers to the <code>.cvd</code> file extension, although when updated using a CDIFF database patch file, the extension is changed to <code>.cld</code>.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>CDIFF</em></td><td>A CDIFF is a patch file for a CVD or CLD database archive. CDIFFs allow for frequent updates to the ClamAV database set without requiring a large download each time.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>endpoint</em></td><td>An endpoint is a computer that a human interacts with, such as a laptop, desktop, or mobile device.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>endpoint security suite</em></td><td>An endpoint security suite is software that bundles a variety of services to protect a computer system. In addition to scheduled malware scanning, this may include features like a firewall, on-access scanning, network traffic monitoring, process behavioral monitoring, and other real time protection features.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>false negative</em></td><td>A false negative is when a scan fails to alert on a file. You can <a href="https://www.clamav.net/reports/malware">report false negatives on clamav.net</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>false positive</em></td><td>A false positive is when a scan incorrectly alerts on a file. You can <a href="https://www.clamav.net/reports/fp">report false positive detections on clamav.net</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>malware</em></td><td>Malware is a general term for software intended to cause harm, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system. Trojans, worms, miners, rootkits, viruses, keyloggers, and ransomware are all examples of different types of malware.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>on-access</em></td><td>On-access in the context of malware detection refers to a technology to scan files when they are created, opened, moved, or otherwise accessed. On-access scanning is one form of "real time protection". The scan may block access to the file and prevent access if an alert occurs, or it may simply scan as the file is being accessed to alert or take some action when the scan is complete.</td></tr> <tr><td><em>PUA</em></td><td>A Potentially Unwanted Application (PUA) or Potentially Unwanted Program (PUP) is a program that probably isn't malware, but little benefit to the user and is considered to be undesirable by most people. This may include software like crypto currency mining software, adware, and other software that may be legitimate but may also be used to take advantage of unsuspecting users. See our <a href="../faq/faq-pua.html">FAQ page about PUA signatures</a> for more information.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <h2 id="clamav-components"><a class="header" href="#clamav-components">ClamAV Components</a></h2> <div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Component</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td><code>clamav-config</code></td><td>This is a script for checking how ClamAV was compiled. <code>clamav-config</code> is not present on Windows installations.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clamav-milter</code></td><td>ClamAV-Milter is a daemon that performs email filter scanning through <code>clamd</code>.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clambc-compiler</code></td><td>The ClamAV Bytecode Compiler (ClamBC-Compiler or ClamBCC) is a compiler for building bytecode executable signature plugins. The Bytecode Compiler installed separately. See the <a href="https://github.com/Cisco-Talos/clamav-bytecode-compiler">ClamAV Bytecode Compiler project on Github</a> for more details.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clambc</code></td><td>ClamBC is another signature manipulation tool specifically for bytecode signatures.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clamconf</code></td><td>ClamConf is a tool to check or generate ClamAV configuration files and collect additional information that may be needed to help remotely debug issues.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clamd</code></td><td>ClamD is a multi threaded daemon that listens for scan requests on a network socket or unix socket. Client applications for <code>clamd</code> include <code>clamdtop</code>, <code>clamdscan</code>, <code>clamav-milter</code>, and <code>clamonacc</code>. The socket interface is documented and there are also a variety of third-party clients for <code>clamd</code>. See the <a href="../manual/Installing/Community-projects.html">Community Projects page</a> for more details.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clamdscan</code></td><td>ClamDScan is a command line program to scan files and directories through <code>clamd</code>.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clamdtop</code></td><td>ClamDTop is a command line GUI to monitor ClamD.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clamonacc</code></td><td>ClamOnAcc is a daemon that receives on-access events from the kernel for real-time protection scanning through ClamD. ClamOnAcc is only available for Linux at this time.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>clamscan</code></td><td>ClamScan is a command line program to scan files and directories that does not require the clamd daemon.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>freshclam</code></td><td>FreshClam is the signature database (cvd) update tool.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>libclamav</code></td><td>The ClamAV library enables you to build the ClamAV engine into your programs. The C programming API can be found in <code>clamav.h</code>.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>libfreshclam</code></td><td>The FreshClam library enables you to build the signature update update features into your programs. The C programming API can be found in <code>libfreshclam.h</code>.</td></tr> <tr><td><code>sigtool</code></td><td>SigTool is a signature database (cvd) manipulation tool for malware analysts and signature writers.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </main> <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> <a rel="prev" href="../appendix/Appendix.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a rel="next prefetch" href="../appendix/CvdPrivateMirror.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> <div style="clear: both"></div> </nav> </div> </div> <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> <a rel="prev" href="../appendix/Appendix.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a rel="next prefetch" href="../appendix/CvdPrivateMirror.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </nav> </div> <script> window.playground_line_numbers = true; </script> <script> window.playground_copyable = true; </script> <script src="../ace.js"></script> <script src="../editor.js"></script> <script src="../mode-rust.js"></script> <script src="../theme-dawn.js"></script> <script src="../theme-tomorrow_night.js"></script> <script src="../elasticlunr.min.js"></script> <script src="../mark.min.js"></script> <script src="../searcher.js"></script> <script src="../clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="../highlight.js"></script> <script src="../book.js"></script> <!-- Custom JS scripts --> </div> </body> </html>
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